Towards the Soyacene: Narratives for an Environmental History of Soy in Latin America's Southern Cone.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32991/2237-2717.2021v11i1.p329-356Palabras clave:
Soyaceno, Narrativas históricas, Historia Ambiental, Cono Sur, Antropoceno, Gran aceleraciónResumen
Este artículo ofrece un análisis histórico del cultivo de la soja en una de las regiones más productivas del mundo: el Cono Sur de América Latina, con especial atención en Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay y el sur de Brasil. Partiendo de la premisa de que las narrativas actuales sobre el cultivo y la comercialización de la soja se han centrado principalmente en datos cuantitativos de alcance mundial, este artículo analiza el potencial de las discusiones académicas basadas en las herramientas críticas de la historia ambiental. Además, propone la adopción de un nuevo término que destaca la historia multiescalar de la soja en el Cono Sur: el Soyaceno. Este término intenta dar forma a una narrativa original de la producción de soja en la era de la Gran Aceleración, deconstruyendo supuestos históricos problemáticos. Además, mediante el debate crítico de los impactos de la producción de soja, el Soyaceno se esfuerza por producir una narrativa histórica no esencialista en la que los intereses divergentes de las diferentes capas sociales (por ejemplo, los actores gubernamentales, las empresas privadas, los pequeños agricultores y las poblaciones indígenas) son abordados desde herramientas críticas que permiten una mayor contextualización.
Citas
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Chartier Roger, Cultural History: Between Practices and Representations. Cambridge: Polity, 1988.
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Dutra e Silva, Sandro, “Challenging the Environmental History of the Cerrado: Science, Biodiversity and Politics on the Brazilian Agricultural Frontier”. Historia Ambiental Latinoamericana Y Caribeña (HALAC), v. 10, no. 1 (2020): 82-116
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Escobar Hector, “Após 20 anos, transgênico se torna regra no campo.” O Estado de São Paulo, September 2nd, 2018. Available at https://ciencia.estadao.com.br/noticias/geral,apos-20-anos-transgenico-se-torna-regra-no-campo,70002483887.
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González, Diana Victoria, Norma Elba Sánchez, Liliana Ester Tamagno, “Tensiones y resistencias al modelo agrícola industrial en Pergamino, provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina.” Estudios Rurales, 8, no. 16 (2018): 67-97.
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Gudynas, Eduardo, Buen Vivir: Germinando alternativas al desarrollo. Buenos Aires: ALAI, 2011.
Guimarães, Manoel Salgado, Historiografia e Nação no Brasil (1838-1857). Rio de Janeiro: EdUERJ, 2011.
Haraway, Donna, Staying with the Trouble: Making Kin in the Chthulucene. Durham: Duke University Press, 2016.
Haraway, Donna, “Anthropocene, Capitalocene, Plantationcene, Chthulucene: Making Kin.” Environmental Humanities 6 (2015): 159-165.
Hasse, Geraldo and Fernando Bueno, O Brasil da Soja Abrindo Fronteiras, semeando cidades. Gaspar: Ceval Alimentos, 2000.
Hasse, Geraldo, A rainha do agronegócio - a história da soja no Brasil. Ribeirão Preto, SP: Editora Coruja, 2011.
Hecht, Susanna and Charles Mann, “How Brazil Outfarmed The American Farmer.” Fortune 157, no. 1 (January 2008): 92-106.
Hymowitz, Theodore and J. R. Harlan, “Introduction of soybean to North America by Samuel Bowen in 1765.” Economic Botany 37, no. 4 (1983): 371-379.
IBGE, “Levantamento Sistemático da Produção Agrícola Estatística da Produção Agrícola,” April 2018. Available at https://biblioteca.ibge.gov.br/visualizacao/periodicos/2415/epag_2018_abr.pdf.
IBGE, “Produção Agrícola - Lavoura Temporária,” Abelardo Luz, Santa Catarina, Brazil, 2019. Available at https://cidades.ibge.gov.br/brasil/sc/abelardo-luz/pesquisa/14/10193?tipo=ranking.
Jardim Freire, João Rui and Francisco de Jesus Vernetti, “A pesquisa com soja, a seleção de rizóbio e a produção de inoculantes no Brasil.” Pesquisa Agropecuária Gaúcha 5, no. 1 (1999): 117-126.
Klanovicz, Jo, “História agroambiental global da soja: o caso da pesquisa agrícola no século XX.” In Anais do 5. Simpósio Internacional de História Ambiental e Migrações, ed. Eunice Nodari et al, 384-397. Florianópolis, 8-10 October 2018. Available at https://drive.google.com/file/d/1qh5M1Em7IIiyWpgkJqDv3WHAl8CZWL08/view.
Langthaler, Ernst, “The soy paradox: the Western nutrition transition revisited 1950-2010.” Global Environment 11, no. 1 (2018): 79-104.
LeCain, Timothy James, “Against the Anthropocene: A Neo-Materialist Perspective.” International Journal of History, Culture, and Modernity 3, no. 1 (2015): 1-28.
Lustosa, Isabel, “Conversa com Roger Chartier.” Trópico, 11 October 2006. Available at http://www.casaruibarbosa.gov.br/dados/DOC/artigos/k-n/FCRB_IsabelLustosa_Conversa_RogerChatier.pdf .
Manzanal, Mabel, “Territorio, Poder y Sojización en el Cono Sur latinoamericano. El caso argentino.” Mundo Agrario 18, no. 37 (2017): e048.
McCook, Stuart, “Prodigality and Sustainability. The Environmental Sciences and the Quest for Development.” In A Living Past Environmental Histories of Modern Latin America, ed. John Soluri, Claudia Leal, and José Augusto Pádua, 226-245. Oxford/New York: Berghahn Books, 2018.
McKay, Ben and Gonzalo Colque, “Bolivia's soy complex: the development of ‘productive exclusion’.” The Journal of Peasant Studies 43, no. 2 (2016): 583-610.
McNeill, John R. and Peter Engelke, The Great Acceleration. An Environmental History of the Anthropocene since 1945. Cambridge MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2014.
McNeill, John R. Peak Document and the Future of Historical Research. Abstract of the Presidential Address at the 2020 Annual Meeting of the American Historical Association, 8 November 2019. Available at https://www.historians.org/publications-and-directories/perspectives-on-history/november-2019/abstract-of-the-presidential-address-at-the-2020-annual-meeting-peak-document-and-the-future-of-historical-research.
Mier, Mateo and Terán Giménez Cacho, “Soybean agri-food systems dynamics and the diversity of farming styles on the agricultural frontier in Mato Grosso, Brazil.” The Journal of Peasant Studies 43, no. 2 (2016): 419-441.
Miller, Shawn William, An Environmental History of Latin America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007.
Moore, Jason, “Introduction: Anthropocene or Capitalocene? Nature, History, and the Crisis of Capitalism.” In Anthropocene or Capitalocene? Nature, history, and the crisis of capitalism, ed. Jason W. Moore, 1-11. Oakland: PM Press, 2016.
Nunes de Oliveira, Adilson and Antônio Ribas, Dom Pedrito: Pioneira no cultivo de soja na América Latina. Porto Alegre: Evangraf, 2010.
Ofstehage, Andrew, “Farming is easy, becoming Brazilian is hard: North American soy farmers’ social values of production, work and land in Soylandia.” The Journal of Peasant Studies 43, no. 2 (2016): 442-460.
Oliveira Gustavo and Susanna Hecht, “Sacred groves, sacrifice zones and soy production: globalization, intensification and neo-nature in South America.” The Journal of Peasant Studies, 43, no. 2 (2016): 251-285.
OXFAM International, Paraguay: El paίs donde la soja mata. Available at https://www.oxfam.org/es/paraguay-el-pais-donde-la-soja-mata.
Prodöhl, Ines, “Versatile and cheap: a global history of soy in the first half of the twentieth century.” Journal of Global History 8, no. 3 (2013): 461–482.
Rocha, Pedro Jesus and Victor Manuel Villalobos Arambula, Comparative study of genetically modified and conventional soybean cultivation in Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay. San José, CR: Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture (IICA), 2012.
Saraiva, Tiago, Fascist Pigs. Technoscientific Organisms and the History of Fascism. Cambridge, MA: MIT University Press, 2016.
Schwarcz, Lilian, As barbas do imperador: D. Pedro II, um monarca nos trópicos. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 1998.
Scott, James C., Seeing Like a State. How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Have Failed. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1998.
Shurtleff, William and Akiko Aoyagi, “History of Soy in Europe.” In History of Soybeans and Soyfoods, 1100 B.C. to the 1980s (Manuscript not published). Soyinfo Center, Lafayette, California. Available at https://www.soyinfocenter.com/HSS/europe1.php.
Shurtleff William and Akiko Aoyagi, History of soybean in South America. Lafayette/CA: Soyinfo Center, 2009.
Silva, Claiton Marcio da, Between Fenix and Ceres: The Great Acceleration and the Agricultural Frontier in the Brazilian Cerrado. Varia Historia 34, no. 65 (2018): 409-444.
Silva, Claiton Marcio da and Cruz, Leandro Gomes Moreira, “Biopolitics and the Anthropocene Era: Ideas of Nature in Henry David Thoreau’s Walden”, JAm It! 3 (2020): 50-68.
Soluri, John, Claudia Leal, José Augusto Pádua, (ed.), A Living Past Environmental Histories of Modern Latin America. Oxford/New York: Berghahn Books, 2018.
Souza, Jessé, A elite do atraso: da escravidão à Lava-Jato. Rio de Janeiro: Leya, 2017.
Uekötter, Frank, “Introduction”, In Comparing Apples, Oranges, and Cotton: Environmental Histories of the Global Plantation, ed. Frank Uekötter, 7-26. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2014.
Vander Vennet, Bert, Sergio Schneider, Joost Dessein, Different farming styles behind the homogenous soy production in southern Brazil. The Journal of Peasant Studies 43, no. 2 (2016): 396-418.
Willaarts, Barbara, Insa Flachsbarth, and Alberto Garrido, “Land and water requirements for soybean cultivation in Brazil: environmental consequences of food production and trade.” Conference Paper. XIV the IWRA World Water Congress. Porto de Galinhas, Brazil, 2011.
Worster, Donald, Nature's Economy: A History of Ecological Ideas. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.
WWF. The Growth of Soy: Impacts and Solutions (Gland: WWF International, 2014). Available at https://d2ouvy59p0dg6k.cloudfront.net/downloads/wwf_soy_report_final_feb_4_2014.pdf.
Zaleski Trindade, Rhuan Targino, “A soja e os colonos poloneses no sul do Brasil: o caso de Ceslau Biezanko e outros personagens (1930-1934).” História Unisinos 22, no. 2 (2018): 254-263.
Beilin, Katarzyna Olga and Sainath Surynarayanan, “The war between Amaranth and Soy Interspecies Resistance to Transgenic Soy Agriculture in Argentina.” Environmental Humanities 9, no. 2 (2017): 204-299.
Bossen, Gry, Cesilla Sofie Højrup Pedersen, “Palmeolie & Soja – bæredygtigt eller ej? Baggrundsviden for udvikling af Verdens Skoves position.” Working Paper vol. 2. Aarhus/Copenhagen, 2018.
Braudel, Fernand, Civilization and Capitalism, 15th-18th Century: Volume III, The Perspective of the World. Berkley: University of California press, 1992.
Chartier Roger, Cultural History: Between Practices and Representations. Cambridge: Polity, 1988.
Colussi, Joana, “A receita que transformou o Paraguai no principal destino de investidores na América do Sul.” Jornal Zero Hora, April 12th, 2019. Available at https://gauchazh.clicrbs.com.br/economia/campo-e-lavoura/noticia/2019/04/a-receita-que-transformou-o-paraguai-no-principal-destino-de-investidores-na-america-do-sul-cjud2gzr701cq01rtuqtkfoxh.html.
Cox, Christopher R. “Faulty presuppositions and false dichotomies: The problematic nature of The Anthropocene.” Telos 172 (2015): 59–81.
Crestana, Silvio and Ivan Sergio Freire de Sousa, “Agricultura tropical no Brasil.” In Agricultura Tropical. Quatro décadas de inovações tecnológicas, institucionais e políticas, Vol. I Produção e produtividade agrícola, ed. Ana Christina Sagebin Albuquerque Aliomar and Gabriel da Silva, 41-63. Brasília: Embrapa, 2008.
Cronon, William, “A Place for Stories: Nature, History, and Narrative.” The Journal of American History 78, no. 4 (1992): 1347-1376.
Crutzen, Paul and Eugene F. Stoermer, “The Anthropocene.” IGBP Newsletter 41 (2000): 17-18.
Dossa, Derli, Soja: alguns aspectos de sua participação no mundo, no Brasil e na produção primária e agroindustrial do Paraná. Brasilia: Embrapa, 1986.
Dutra e Silva, Sandro, “Challenging the Environmental History of the Cerrado: Science, Biodiversity and Politics on the Brazilian Agricultural Frontier”. Historia Ambiental Latinoamericana Y Caribeña (HALAC), v. 10, no. 1 (2020): 82-116
Embrapa, Tecnologias de Produção de Soja - Região Central do Brasil – 2004. Londrinha: Embrapa, 2003.
Escobar Hector, “Após 20 anos, transgênico se torna regra no campo.” O Estado de São Paulo, September 2nd, 2018. Available at https://ciencia.estadao.com.br/noticias/geral,apos-20-anos-transgenico-se-torna-regra-no-campo,70002483887.
European Commission, “The impact of EU consumption on deforestation: Comprehensive analysis of the impact of EU consumption on deforestation.” Technical Report no. 63 (2013): 21. Available at https://ec.europa.eu/environment/forests/pdf/1.%20Report%20analysis%20of%20impact.pdf.
Fischer, Georg, “Accelerations on a Regional Scale: The Transformation of the Doce River Valley, ca. 1880-1980.” Varia história 34, no.65 (2018): 445-474.
Forbes profile: #1605 Blairo Maggi. Forbes (https://www.forbes.com/profile/blairo-maggi/).
Garrett, Rachael D. and Lisa L., Rausch, “Green for gold: social and ecological tradeoffs influencing the sustainability of the Brazilian soy industry.” The Journal of Peasant Studies 43, no. 2 (2016): 461-493.
González, Diana Victoria, Norma Elba Sánchez, Liliana Ester Tamagno, “Tensiones y resistencias al modelo agrícola industrial en Pergamino, provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina.” Estudios Rurales, 8, no. 16 (2018): 67-97.
Gowdy, John and Lisi Krall, “The Ultrasocial Origin of the Anthropocene.” Ecological Economics 95 (2013): 137-147.
GRAIN, “La República Unida de la Soja recargada,” 12 June 2013. Available at https://www.grain.org/es/article/4739-la-republica-unida-de-la-soja-recargada.
GRAIN, “The United Republic of Soybeans: Take Two,” 2 July 2013. Available at: https://www.grain.org/article/entries/4749-the-united-republic-of-soybeans-take-two.
GRAIN, “20 years of GM soy in the Southern Cone of Latin America, 20 reasons for a definitive ban,” 17 May 2017. Available at: https://www.grain.org/article/entries/5722-20-years-of-gm-soy-in-the-southern-cone-of-latin-america-20-reasons-for-a-definitive-ban.
Gudynas, Eduardo, Buen Vivir: Germinando alternativas al desarrollo. Buenos Aires: ALAI, 2011.
Guimarães, Manoel Salgado, Historiografia e Nação no Brasil (1838-1857). Rio de Janeiro: EdUERJ, 2011.
Haraway, Donna, Staying with the Trouble: Making Kin in the Chthulucene. Durham: Duke University Press, 2016.
Haraway, Donna, “Anthropocene, Capitalocene, Plantationcene, Chthulucene: Making Kin.” Environmental Humanities 6 (2015): 159-165.
Hasse, Geraldo and Fernando Bueno, O Brasil da Soja Abrindo Fronteiras, semeando cidades. Gaspar: Ceval Alimentos, 2000.
Hasse, Geraldo, A rainha do agronegócio - a história da soja no Brasil. Ribeirão Preto, SP: Editora Coruja, 2011.
Hecht, Susanna and Charles Mann, “How Brazil Outfarmed The American Farmer.” Fortune 157, no. 1 (January 2008): 92-106.
Hymowitz, Theodore and J. R. Harlan, “Introduction of soybean to North America by Samuel Bowen in 1765.” Economic Botany 37, no. 4 (1983): 371-379.
IBGE, “Levantamento Sistemático da Produção Agrícola Estatística da Produção Agrícola,” April 2018. Available at https://biblioteca.ibge.gov.br/visualizacao/periodicos/2415/epag_2018_abr.pdf.
IBGE, “Produção Agrícola - Lavoura Temporária,” Abelardo Luz, Santa Catarina, Brazil, 2019. Available at https://cidades.ibge.gov.br/brasil/sc/abelardo-luz/pesquisa/14/10193?tipo=ranking.
Jardim Freire, João Rui and Francisco de Jesus Vernetti, “A pesquisa com soja, a seleção de rizóbio e a produção de inoculantes no Brasil.” Pesquisa Agropecuária Gaúcha 5, no. 1 (1999): 117-126.
Klanovicz, Jo, “História agroambiental global da soja: o caso da pesquisa agrícola no século XX.” In Anais do 5. Simpósio Internacional de História Ambiental e Migrações, ed. Eunice Nodari et al, 384-397. Florianópolis, 8-10 October 2018. Available at https://drive.google.com/file/d/1qh5M1Em7IIiyWpgkJqDv3WHAl8CZWL08/view.
Langthaler, Ernst, “The soy paradox: the Western nutrition transition revisited 1950-2010.” Global Environment 11, no. 1 (2018): 79-104.
LeCain, Timothy James, “Against the Anthropocene: A Neo-Materialist Perspective.” International Journal of History, Culture, and Modernity 3, no. 1 (2015): 1-28.
Lustosa, Isabel, “Conversa com Roger Chartier.” Trópico, 11 October 2006. Available at http://www.casaruibarbosa.gov.br/dados/DOC/artigos/k-n/FCRB_IsabelLustosa_Conversa_RogerChatier.pdf .
Manzanal, Mabel, “Territorio, Poder y Sojización en el Cono Sur latinoamericano. El caso argentino.” Mundo Agrario 18, no. 37 (2017): e048.
McCook, Stuart, “Prodigality and Sustainability. The Environmental Sciences and the Quest for Development.” In A Living Past Environmental Histories of Modern Latin America, ed. John Soluri, Claudia Leal, and José Augusto Pádua, 226-245. Oxford/New York: Berghahn Books, 2018.
McKay, Ben and Gonzalo Colque, “Bolivia's soy complex: the development of ‘productive exclusion’.” The Journal of Peasant Studies 43, no. 2 (2016): 583-610.
McNeill, John R. and Peter Engelke, The Great Acceleration. An Environmental History of the Anthropocene since 1945. Cambridge MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2014.
McNeill, John R. Peak Document and the Future of Historical Research. Abstract of the Presidential Address at the 2020 Annual Meeting of the American Historical Association, 8 November 2019. Available at https://www.historians.org/publications-and-directories/perspectives-on-history/november-2019/abstract-of-the-presidential-address-at-the-2020-annual-meeting-peak-document-and-the-future-of-historical-research.
Mier, Mateo and Terán Giménez Cacho, “Soybean agri-food systems dynamics and the diversity of farming styles on the agricultural frontier in Mato Grosso, Brazil.” The Journal of Peasant Studies 43, no. 2 (2016): 419-441.
Miller, Shawn William, An Environmental History of Latin America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007.
Moore, Jason, “Introduction: Anthropocene or Capitalocene? Nature, History, and the Crisis of Capitalism.” In Anthropocene or Capitalocene? Nature, history, and the crisis of capitalism, ed. Jason W. Moore, 1-11. Oakland: PM Press, 2016.
Nunes de Oliveira, Adilson and Antônio Ribas, Dom Pedrito: Pioneira no cultivo de soja na América Latina. Porto Alegre: Evangraf, 2010.
Ofstehage, Andrew, “Farming is easy, becoming Brazilian is hard: North American soy farmers’ social values of production, work and land in Soylandia.” The Journal of Peasant Studies 43, no. 2 (2016): 442-460.
Oliveira Gustavo and Susanna Hecht, “Sacred groves, sacrifice zones and soy production: globalization, intensification and neo-nature in South America.” The Journal of Peasant Studies, 43, no. 2 (2016): 251-285.
OXFAM International, Paraguay: El paίs donde la soja mata. Available at https://www.oxfam.org/es/paraguay-el-pais-donde-la-soja-mata.
Prodöhl, Ines, “Versatile and cheap: a global history of soy in the first half of the twentieth century.” Journal of Global History 8, no. 3 (2013): 461–482.
Rocha, Pedro Jesus and Victor Manuel Villalobos Arambula, Comparative study of genetically modified and conventional soybean cultivation in Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay. San José, CR: Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture (IICA), 2012.
Saraiva, Tiago, Fascist Pigs. Technoscientific Organisms and the History of Fascism. Cambridge, MA: MIT University Press, 2016.
Schwarcz, Lilian, As barbas do imperador: D. Pedro II, um monarca nos trópicos. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 1998.
Scott, James C., Seeing Like a State. How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Have Failed. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1998.
Shurtleff, William and Akiko Aoyagi, “History of Soy in Europe.” In History of Soybeans and Soyfoods, 1100 B.C. to the 1980s (Manuscript not published). Soyinfo Center, Lafayette, California. Available at https://www.soyinfocenter.com/HSS/europe1.php.
Shurtleff William and Akiko Aoyagi, History of soybean in South America. Lafayette/CA: Soyinfo Center, 2009.
Silva, Claiton Marcio da, Between Fenix and Ceres: The Great Acceleration and the Agricultural Frontier in the Brazilian Cerrado. Varia Historia 34, no. 65 (2018): 409-444.
Silva, Claiton Marcio da and Cruz, Leandro Gomes Moreira, “Biopolitics and the Anthropocene Era: Ideas of Nature in Henry David Thoreau’s Walden”, JAm It! 3 (2020): 50-68.
Soluri, John, Claudia Leal, José Augusto Pádua, (ed.), A Living Past Environmental Histories of Modern Latin America. Oxford/New York: Berghahn Books, 2018.
Souza, Jessé, A elite do atraso: da escravidão à Lava-Jato. Rio de Janeiro: Leya, 2017.
Uekötter, Frank, “Introduction”, In Comparing Apples, Oranges, and Cotton: Environmental Histories of the Global Plantation, ed. Frank Uekötter, 7-26. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2014.
Vander Vennet, Bert, Sergio Schneider, Joost Dessein, Different farming styles behind the homogenous soy production in southern Brazil. The Journal of Peasant Studies 43, no. 2 (2016): 396-418.
Willaarts, Barbara, Insa Flachsbarth, and Alberto Garrido, “Land and water requirements for soybean cultivation in Brazil: environmental consequences of food production and trade.” Conference Paper. XIV the IWRA World Water Congress. Porto de Galinhas, Brazil, 2011.
Worster, Donald, Nature's Economy: A History of Ecological Ideas. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.
WWF. The Growth of Soy: Impacts and Solutions (Gland: WWF International, 2014). Available at https://d2ouvy59p0dg6k.cloudfront.net/downloads/wwf_soy_report_final_feb_4_2014.pdf.
Zaleski Trindade, Rhuan Targino, “A soja e os colonos poloneses no sul do Brasil: o caso de Ceslau Biezanko e outros personagens (1930-1934).” História Unisinos 22, no. 2 (2018): 254-263.
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2021-04-16
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da Silva, C. M., & de Majo, C. (2021). Towards the Soyacene: Narratives for an Environmental History of Soy in Latin America’s Southern Cone. Historia Ambiental Latinoamericana Y Caribeña (HALAC) Revista De La Solcha, 11(1), 329–356. https://doi.org/10.32991/2237-2717.2021v11i1.p329-356
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Licencia
Esta revista ofrece acceso libre inmediato a su contenido, siguiendo el principio de que disponibilizar gratuitamente el conocimiento científico al público proporciona mayor democratización mundial del conocimiento.
A partir de la publicación realizada en la revista los autores poseen copyright y derechos de publicación de sus artículos sin restricciones.
La revista HALAC sigue los preceptos legales de la licencia Creative Commons - Atribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional. 
